') right .25rem center no-repeat content-box border-box #25303b;color:#fff;border:0;padding:.5rem 1rem;font-size:1rem}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters form .search{margin:0 0 1rem;width:100%;text-align:left;padding:.5rem 1rem;height:2.5rem;background:rgba(37,48,59,.6);font-size:1rem}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters form .search::before{float:right;font-size:1.1rem}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters form .search span{padding:0;display:block}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter div.categories ul li{background-image:none;padding:0}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter span.field{display:block;padding:0;width:100%}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter span.label{display:none}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter span.field input.radio,div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter span.field input.checkbox{width:auto}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters button{margin-bottom:1.4em;clear:both}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul li{float:left;margin:0;width:2.7em;height:2.7em;line-height:2.7em;background:#f2f2f2;color:#666}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul li span{float:left;background-image:none;background-color:rgba(0,59,117,.3);color:rgba(255,255,255,.75);padding:0;margin:0;width:2.7em;height:2.7em;line-height:2.7em;text-align:center}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul li a span{background-color:#003b75;color:#fff;-webkit-transition:background .2s;-moz-transition:background .2s;transition:background .2s}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul li a:hover span{background-color:#25303b}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul li.active,div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul li.active a span{background-color:#fff;color:#003b75}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul li.active a{color:currentColor}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul li.active span,div.filters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul li.active span{background-color:#fff;color:currentColor}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.ilters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul li.active span{color:#000}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul{margin:0}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.users.filters div.filter.alphabetical div.options ul li a{background-image:none;padding:0}.knowledge.filters form{margin-bottom:1rem}.knowledge.filters button{margin-left:0}.knowledge.filters .filter{width:100%}.knowledge.filters .filter+.search{float:none}.knowledge.filters .filter .label{display:block;width:100%}.knowledge.filters .filter .field{width:100%}.knowledge.filters .filter.keywords .label{display:block;padding-bottom:.5em}.knowledge.filters .filter.keywords input{border:thin solid #ccc;padding:.5rem 1rem;min-height:2.5rem;max-width:100%}.filters .filter.keywords+.search{display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;font-size:1rem;width:100%;max-width:none;padding:0 1rem;margin:0}.filters .filter.keywords+.search::before{font-size:100%;display:inline-block}.knowledge.filters form select{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8, ");background-origin:content-box;background-position:right 0 center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:.5625rem .375rem;border-radius:0;border:0;font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:0;min-height:2.5rem;padding:.5rem 1rem;width:100%}.knowledge.filters form select:focus,.knowledge.filters form select:active{outline:0}.knowledge.filters form .search{width:100%}.knowledge.filters form .search span{margin-left:.5rem}div.knowledge.filters button.search span{display:inline-block}div.offices div.mapContainer{width:auto}div.tx-llcatalog-pi div.offices{margin-left:0}div.quote{border:0;background-color:#e2e2e2}div.quote blockquote{line-height:1.5;color:#003b75;font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;padding:1rem 1.5rem}div.quote blockquote::after{display:none}div.quote p.author{color:#25303b;font-style:normal;padding:0 1.5rem 1.5rem}div.featureBox>div.content h2{color:#000;background:0 0;padding:0}div.featureBox .csc-textpic-intext-left .csc-textpic-imagewrap{margin-right:0;clear:both;display:block;float:none;padding-top:1.5rem}div.featureBox .csc-textpic-intext-left .csc-textpic-imagewrap img{max-height:11.5rem;width:auto;display:block;margin:0 auto;-webkit-box-shadow:0 .1rem 1rem 0 rgba(17,17,17,.25);box-shadow:0 .1rem 1rem 0 rgba(17,17,17,.25)}#secondaryNavigation~div>a.download.pdf{padding:0}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox>.content{padding:0 0 .1em;border:0;background:#f4f4f4;color:#003b75;font-size:105%}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne a>.featureBox>.content{-webkit-transition:.4s;-moz-transition:.4s;transition:.4s}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne a>.featureBox>.content:hover>div:not(.csc-textpic){background-color:#003b75;color:#fff}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne a>.featureBox>.content:hover img{-webkit-transform:scale(1.05);-moz-transform:scale(1.05);-ms-transform:scale(1.05);transform:scale(1.05);opacity:.8}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne a>.featureBox>.content img{will-change:transform,opacity;-webkit-transition:.4s;-moz-transition:.4s;transition:.4s}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne a>.featureBox>.content>div{-webkit-transition:.4s;-moz-transition:.4s;transition:.4s}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox .csc-textpic-text,.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox>.content>div>.wrapper{padding:.7em 1em .7em 3em;background:url('/assets/uk-defence/img/icon-chevronCircleBlue.png') 1em .8em no-repeat;min-height:2em;color:inherit}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox .csc-textpic-text{padding-top:0;background-position-y:.1em}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox>.content h2,.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox>.content h3,.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox>.content h4{background:0 0;font-size:110%;padding:0;margin-bottom:.2em}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox>.content p{line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:0}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox>.content p a{color:#fff;padding:0;background:0 0}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox>.content .csc-textpic,.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox>.content img{margin-bottom:0}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox>.content .csc-textpic-center-outer,.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .featureBox>.content .csc-textpic-center-inner{position:static;float:none}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .floatingBox{border:.2em solid #dedfe0;padding:1em 1em 1em 6.5em;min-height:4em;background:#fff}.pageLayout>div>.columnOne .floatingBox>.content{padding-top:.5em}div.userList div.twoColumnLayout.thirtySeventy div.columnOne,div.userSingle div.twoColumnLayout.thirtySeventy div.columnOne{max-width:75px}#c41179 .box.page.grey{margin-bottom:0}#c41391 div.box.page.grey{clear:both;background:url('/assets/uk-defence/img/map.png') 50% top no-repeat #f4f4f4;height:200px;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0;border-top:4px solid #d5d8db;border-bottom:4px solid #d5d8db}#c41391 div.box.page.grey div.content{text-align:center;width:90%;padding-top:2em}#c41391 div.box.page.grey h2{text-transform:uppercase;color:#003b75;border-bottom:1px solid #b4b4b4;letter-spacing:.3em;background-image:none;font-size:120%}#c41391 div.box.page.grey p{font-size:110%;color:#4d4d4d}#home #c41391 div.box.page.grey h2{font-size:150%;font-weight:400}div.columnTwo #c41391 div.box.page.grey{height:auto;margin-bottom:1em;border:4px solid #d5d8db;float:none;width:auto}div.columnTwo #c41391 div.box.page.grey div.content{padding-top:1em}.box.page.grey p.button{margin-bottom:1.5rem}#home div.pageLayout{padding-bottom:0}#home .box.page div.fourColumnLayout{margin:4rem 0 1rem;text-align:center}#home .box.page div.fourColumnLayout h3{color:#003b75;font-weight:400;font-size:1rem}#home .box.page div.fourColumnLayout img{margin-bottom:1rem;height:4rem!important;width:auto}#home .box.page div.fourColumnLayout .column{width:50%;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-left:-.5rem;padding:0 .5rem;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#home .box.page div.fourColumnLayout .column.columnTwo,#home .box.page div.fourColumnLayout .column.columnFour{border-left:.125rem solid #e2e2e2}#home .box.page div.fourColumnLayout .column.columnThree,#home .box.page div.fourColumnLayout .column.columnFour{border-top:.125rem solid #e2e2e2;padding-top:1rem}#home .box.page.grey{margin-bottom:2rem}#home .box.page.grey>.content{padding:2rem 1rem}#home .box.page.grey .csc-textpic-text{margin-top:1em}#home div.knowledgeBaseList.summary ul li{background:0 0;padding-left:0}#home div.knowledgeBaseList.summary ul li:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;border-bottom:.125rem solid #e2e2e2}#home div.layout.twoColumnLayout.seventyThirty div.fiftyFifty div.column div.columnWrapper p{line-height:1.5em}#home .box.page.grey .twoColumnLayout .columnTwo .csc-firstHeader::before{content:'';background-image:url('/assets/uk-defence/img/icon-twitter.png');background-position:left center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1.6rem;padding-left:2rem}#home .box.page.grey .twoColumnLayout .article{text-align:center;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:50%;padding:1rem;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#home .box.page.grey .twoColumnLayout .article:nth-child(odd){border-right:.125rem solid #e2e2e2;clear:left}#home .box.page.grey .twoColumnLayout .article h4{clear:both;padding-top:1rem}#home .box.page.grey .twoColumnLayout .article h4 a{font-weight:400;font-size:.8rem;color:#25303b;line-height:1.5}#home .box.page.grey .twoColumnLayout .article h4 a:hover{color:#003b75}#home .box.page.grey .twoColumnLayout .article img{width:auto;max-width:100%;border:0;padding:0;max-height:11.5rem}#home .box.page .threeColumnLayout .csc-textpic .csc-textpic-image img{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;height:100%!important;width:100%}#home .box.page .threeColumnLayout .csc-textpic .csc-textpic-text{padding:1rem}#home .box.page .threeColumnLayout .csc-textpic .csc-textpic-text h3{font-weight:400}#home .box.page .threeColumnLayout .csc-textpic .csc-textpic-text p{color:#47bcca;margin-bottom:.5rem}#home .box.page .threeColumnLayout .csc-textpic .csc-textpic-text p:last-child{color:#111;margin-bottom:0}#home div.royalSlider{position:relative;background-color:#e2e2e2}#home div.royalSlider.contentSlider>div{max-height:none}#home div.royalSlider .rsContainer{background-color:#003b75;max-height:none}#home div.royalSlider .rsContainer div.image img{position:absolute;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);-moz-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);min-width:100%;top:50%;min-height:30vh;width:auto}#home div.royalSlider .rsContainer .rsSlide{max-height:none}#home div.royalSlider.overlay div.content{min-height:13rem;max-width:73em;margin:0 auto;position:relative;padding:3rem 1rem}#home div.royalSlider.overlay div.content div.contentWrapper{position:absolute;bottom:3rem}#home div.royalSlider.overlay div.content div.contentBox{padding:0;color:#fff;font-weight:400;margin:0;background:0 0;text-shadow:0 0 1rem rgba(0,0,0,.5);font-size:2em;line-height:1.3;position:relative}#home div.royalSlider.overlay div.content div.contentBox::before{display:inline-block;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(/assets/uk-defence/img/sprite.svg?1614093167);background-size:12.688em 10.75em;width:5.062em;height:5.75em;background-position:-7.344em -4.719em;content:'';font-size:.5rem}#home div.royalSlider span.rsTmb{display:none}#home div.royalSlider.rsDefault .rsNavContainer{float:none;bottom:.5em;top:auto;left:0;right:0}#home div.royalSlider.rsDefault .rsNav{float:none;padding:0;text-align:center}#home div.royalSlider.rsDefault .rsBullet{margin:0 7px}#home div.royalSlider.rsDefault .rsNav .rsNavSelected span{background-color:#47bcca}#home div.royalSlider.rsDefault .rsNav span{background:#fff}#home div.royalSlider div.videoPlayer>video{display:none}#home div.royalSlider .contentBox>*{color:currentColor;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;text-shadow:0 0 1rem rgba(74,74,74,.5);background:0 0;margin-bottom:1rem;max-width:-webkit-calc(100% - 4rem);max-width:-moz-calc(100% - 4rem);max-width:calc(100% - 4rem)}#signup label{width:10em;float:left}#signup input[type=submit]{width:auto;border:none;background-color:#aaa;color:#fff;padding:.5em .8em;margin:0 0 1em;overflow:visible;border-radius:.4em}#signup input[type=checkbox]~label{width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2rem);width:-moz-calc(100% - 2rem);width:calc(100% - 2rem);float:none;margin-left:0;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}div.alertModal a{color:#47bcca}div.alertModal .button{background:#47bcca}div.alertModal>.wrapper{background-color:#003b75;border-top-color:#47bcca}.fwFeaturedQuote.fwBox{background:#25303b}.fwFeaturedQuote.fwBox blockquote{font-size:150%}.fwFeaturedQuote.fwBox .quote{border:0}.fwFeaturedQuote.fwBox .quote blockquote{color:#fff}.fwFeaturedQuote.fwBox .quote p.author{opacity:1}.fwFeaturedQuote.fwBox .quote p.author::before{background-color:#47bcca}.fwBreakout.fwBox[style*=background]::before{background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,color-stop(30%,rgba(0,59,117,.9)),to(rgba(0,59,117,.5)));background:-webkit-linear-gradient(left,rgba(0,59,117,.9) 30%,rgba(0,59,117,.5));background:-moz-linear-gradient(left,rgba(0,59,117,.9) 30%,rgba(0,59,117,.5));background:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(0,59,117,.9) 30%,rgba(0,59,117,.5))}.routingBoxGroup>div>div>a .routingBox::after{-webkit-filter:invert(1) grayscale(.1) brightness(5.2) opacity(.8);filter:invert(1) grayscale(.1) brightness(5.2) opacity(.8)}
The quality of bunker fuel continues to be a source of concern to shipowners and charterers. Over the last 30 years or so, enhanced refining techniques have resulted in a decline in the quality of residual fuel and the refinery side streams used as blend components. Added to this the demand for low sulphur fuel has resulted in heavy blending and the use of inappropriate blend components. Unfortunately some marine fuels have also been used as a dumping ground for waste chemicals and organic substances that have caused serious operating problems. Engine damage and resultant lost time caused by bunker quality problems occur all too frequently.
Claims arising from these problems are in general complicated and they are often frustrated by lack of evidence, including representative samples, storage and consumption documentation and fuel analysis reports. In some cases the fuel quality appears to have met the relevant fuel specification but further extensive testing reveals the presence of unusual contaminants. Linking these to engine damage has proved difficult and it has been necessary to undertake metallurgical examination of worn or damaged components to determine causation. Preservation of damaged parts has become as important as preserving representative fuel samples.
In this publication we set out some important procedures that should be adopted in order to reduce the chances of fuel related engine damage and ship down time and provide valuable evidence should a bunker quality claim occur. We also highlight steps that can be taken to minimise the likelihood of bunker quantity claims and review some of the key legal principles relating to the supply of bunkers.
You are currently offline. Some pages or content may fail to load.